The article is talking about the traditional swiss/german model where an apprentice signed papers for a fixed term contract - they are not employees Also certa

The article is talking about the traditional swiss/german model where an apprentice signed papers for a fixed term contract - they are not employees Also certainly in the UK and the USA the cohort that would have filled the advanced apprentices (not trade ) that realistically could train junior developers now just goes to university. So you have lost the ideal entry cohort - maybe ex vets in technical areas might but they would have all ready had the training to that level NVQ 3 4 and 5