Generally I agree. However I would say with regards to iOS (not MacOS) and Android. While underneath they are both Linux and Darwin based respectively. Almost t

Generally I agree. However I would say with regards to iOS (not MacOS) and Android. While underneath they are both Linux and Darwin based respectively. Almost the entire OS anyone interacts (including most devs) is done through the Android and iOS APIs. They could replace what is underneath with something very different and you wouldn't be any of the wiser. There isn't really much to separate something like Ubuntu and MacOS in terms of what they are (other than polish). In Jaron Laniers book "You are not a gadget" he says the open source community are very good at making clones of existing things but not inventing new things themselves. I would argue that programmers in general are very good at making clones of existing things. This has allowed Unix-like operating be ubiquitous as they are easy to copy and are good enough.