7 ms·

Recovering telemetry data from Venera-13 and 14

173 points by sohkamyung 7y ago

jakeogh 7y ago
Exceptionally cool. Here's a similar data recovery project from the Viking Lander tapes: https://gist.github.com/jakeogh/fa995a3277d500ab59b1 https://gist.github.com/jakeogh/fa995a3277d500ab59b1
- z3t4 7y ago
  It still feels surreal to look at pictures from another planet.
m0zg 7y ago
Venera missions just blow my mind, more so, even, than the Moon landings. Not only did they land onto an incredibly inhospitable surface (and sent _digital_ pictures from there before digital cameras were invented), they also did multi-stage missions where they'd first fly to Venus, and from there do a Halley comet approach. Even today this would be pretty nuts to pull off, for anyone.
- tzfld 7y ago
  And for some reason they didn't succeed with Mars which has way softer conditions.
  - m0zg 7y ago
    True. Mars is a "cursed" planet though. European lander has failed there also. NASA really knocked it out of the park with the rovers. They're the only ones who know how to really do it properly.
    - krige 7y ago
      NASA had a few Mars problems too, Mars Observer, Polar Lander and Climate Orbiter all failed.
      - agoodthrowaway 7y ago
        Sure those failures were during NASA’s faster, better, cheaper era . I would argue that these failures led to cultural change at NASA that has led to their tremendous success during the last 20 years. NASA has had many more missions overall and their success rate is quite good compared to other agencies.
  - wonnage 7y ago
    I've heard that Mars is tough because the gravity is high enough that you need a lot of braking to land, but it's not quite high enough to maintain a thick atmosphere, so you can't use drag (e.g parachutes) to help reduce work/weight. Venus has a thick atmosphere and the Venera probes were able to use parachutes to help land.
    - Sharlin 7y ago
      Well, you can use parachutes, and indeed every lander mission to Mars has done so, but they are not enough, necessitating complex EDL (entry/descent/landing) sequences.
  - ilammy 7y ago
    One reason I read about once was that with Soviet rockets it was much more easy and economically feasible to get to Venus than to Mars, due to less delta-V required for inner Solar system travel. Being able to successfully land is irrelevant if you never get into planet’s orbit in the first place.
  - rsynnott 7y ago
    There've been so few successful Mars landings, that this could be interpreted as "the Soviets lost a couple of dice throws", really; it's not clear how much of a success is down to doing it properly vs just luck. Everyone has failures with Mars. Also, of course, they clearly put more resources into Venus. AIUI it was the first Venera landings that established once and for all just how harsh conditions on Venus are; before that it looked potentially less harsh, and more interesting than, Mars.
  - dsfyu404ed 7y ago
    Mars is expensive to get to and getting there is the hard part whereas Venus is cheap to get to and existing once you're there is the hard part. This has big implications for probe design. A successful Mars probe is very light for the amount of science bits it packs (mars is far away so each probe is expensive, gotta pack as much science as possible on each one). As long as your stuff works after touchdown you're basically in the clear since the environment is pretty tolerable and generally stable. It's an exercise in value engineering everything to within a hair of its life so that you can fit it within the weight budget and get it to Mars in the first place. This sort of compromise game is something American engineering and project management tends to excel in. Venus on the other hand is an exercise in pruning down your science instrument wish list to just the bare essentials (Venus is decently close, no need to compromise things so your favorite instrument can make the cut, it can just catch a ride on the next probe) then packaging all that in a form factor that can operate and survive as long as possible as the nearly four digit outside temperatures slowly overwhelm the probe. It's an exercise in picking the bare essentials that you need to do the job and then building it ruggedly enough to do that job consistently in adverse conditions and even as conditions degrade beyond what the system is designed to work in is something Russian engineering and project management tends to excel in.
- jotm 7y ago
  Yeah it's one of those space missions (there were several of them) that I look at and am amazed every time. Like the Curiosity landing - how awesome was that?
alexeyG 7y ago
Fantastical job has done! Maybe there are other non-digitized materials from any past missions, which could be digitized?
pixelpoet 7y ago
Maybe interesting to others, he's the Mitchell in the popular Mitchell-Netravali image resampling filters. Wikipedia only has an article in German and Japanese it seems: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell-Netravali-Filter https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell-Netravali-Filter
lokedhs 7y ago
Is there any more information on this than a single message on Twitter? Just like m0zg, the Venera missions are among my favourite ones, and I really want to read more about this as well as seeing high res images.
- _Microft 7y ago
  Click on "Show this thread" to see more. The Twitter user posted more about it as well, click his name to see his postings. There is also a website linked from his profile thats contains information about the "Soviet Exploration of Venus". http://mentallandscape.com/ http://mentallandscape.com/
- jotm 7y ago
  There's plenty of articles and forum discussions in Russian, if you want to use Translate I guess. http://galspace.spb.ru/index114.html http://galspace.spb.ru/index114.html https://habr.com/en/post/184444/ https://habr.com/en/post/184444/ https://www.roscosmos.ru/23286/ https://www.roscosmos.ru/23286/ (strangely I can't access the website... I hope it's just down, not blocked)
  - anticodon 7y ago
    In the habr article there's this link to Don Mitchell's site: http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm
    - ncmncm 7y ago
      Wow that is an excellent site. Each page is a whole history.
    - jotm 7y ago
      I'll be honest, I didn't read it D: But wow, that is one awesome site! Thank you!
xvilka 7y ago
Should be put somewhere on archive.org I guess, along with many other similar tapes.
- jefurii 7y ago
  Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe
  - dr_zoidberg 7y ago
    Ah yes, the famous LOCKSS principle. Quite true. Probably contacting Jason Scott[0] could set it on motion. [0] @textfiles on twitter
axguscbklp 7y ago
Question: why has the US not attempted to land on Venus? Another question: how long could a lander made with the best modern technology survive on Venus? Edit: oops! I just learned about Pioneer-Venus. Looks like the US has actually landed on Venus. Guess I should do more research before posting.
- PhantomGremlin 7y ago
  Question: why has the US not attempted to land on Venus? I'm glad the USA didn't. That left them more $$$ to spend on Mars and other projects. For the most part the "space race" was over when the USA landed on the moon. So wouldn't it make more economic sense if the various space-faring nations did different things? E.g. it was the ESA that sent Rosetta to Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
  - Cthulhu_ 7y ago
    Money itself isn't the issue; copying from another website, NASA's budget for 2020 is $22 billion which represents 0.48% of all U.S. government spending (compare that to $705 billion for military spending combined).
- walrus01 7y ago
  My theory is that once the science data from the Venera probes was returned, it was confirmed that any further surface science missions would be VERY short lived. The pressures and temperatures are not something we have the technology to deal with presently. Whereas rovers on Mars can be built with current technology to operate for many years.
- mirekrusin 7y ago
  Because Soviets put a flag there, it’s theirs.
- ibrault 7y ago
  Not a lander but NASA has 2 potential Venus missions in their proposed Discovery missions! [0] In regards to why not a lander: I would guess it's because it's not really necessary? Orbiters (like the proposed ones above) can gather all of the science that's really necessary to study a planet like Venus. Landers are useful to study more micro-scale science to, for example, search for life (see the Mars rovers/landers and the proposed Europa lander). And orbiters are significantly cheaper and easier to make. Landing on Mars is really really really hard! I can assume it would only be harder on Venus. [0] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-four-possible-missions-to-study-the-secrets-of-the-solar-system https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-four-possibl...
Tepix 7y ago
Seeing the Venus surface images taken by the Venera 9 et al still blows me away. The US has a fantastic track record regarding Mars landings but the successful Russion Venus landings are equally awe inspiring pieces of human engineering.
- deleted 7y ago
  [deleted]
LawnGnome 7y ago
There's also another Twitter thread that has the final, cleaned up panoramas: https://twitter.com/DonaldM38768041/status/1234582083512619008 https://twitter.com/DonaldM38768041/status/12345820835126190...
dmix 7y ago
Wikipedia link to the space program, this was from the 1981 and 1982: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera?oldformat=true#Venera_13_and_14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera?oldformat=true#Venera_1...
Qub3d 7y ago
Tweet thread: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234658195668267010.html https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234658195668267010.html And followup, with full panoramas: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234582083512619008.html https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234582083512619008.html
- skykooler 7y ago
  Unfortunately the threadreader version does not load the images (at least in Firefox), which makes it useless for an image-heavy tweet thread like this.
  - layoutIfNeeded 7y ago
    I had the same issue until I’ve disabled my adblocker.
taf2 7y ago
I still think a Venus colony would be super cool and maybe more viable than mars given the available energy and gravity... this just seems so cool https://youtu.be/bcHkWKp9e4Y https://youtu.be/bcHkWKp9e4Y A cloud city
- kjs3 7y ago
  5 vehicles, 4 (5?) crew transfers? Not to mention some "interesting" environmental conditions. Yeah, it's definitely cool, but wow would it be a complicated mission.

173 points by sohkamyung 7y ago

Exceptionally cool. Here's a similar data recovery project from the Viking Lander tapes: https://gist.github.com/jakeogh/fa995a3277d500ab59b1 https://gist.github.com/jakeogh/fa995a3277d500ab59b1

z3t4 7y ago
It still feels surreal to look at pictures from another planet.

m0zg 7y ago

Venera missions just blow my mind, more so, even, than the Moon landings. Not only did they land onto an incredibly inhospitable surface (and sent _digital_ pictures from there before digital cameras were invented), they also did multi-stage missions where they'd first fly to Venus, and from there do a Halley comet approach. Even today this would be pretty nuts to pull off, for anyone.

tzfld 7y ago
And for some reason they didn't succeed with Mars which has way softer conditions.
- m0zg 7y ago
  True. Mars is a "cursed" planet though. European lander has failed there also. NASA really knocked it out of the park with the rovers. They're the only ones who know how to really do it properly.
  - krige 7y ago
    NASA had a few Mars problems too, Mars Observer, Polar Lander and Climate Orbiter all failed.
    - agoodthrowaway 7y ago
      Sure those failures were during NASA’s faster, better, cheaper era . I would argue that these failures led to cultural change at NASA that has led to their tremendous success during the last 20 years. NASA has had many more missions overall and their success rate is quite good compared to other agencies.
- wonnage 7y ago
  I've heard that Mars is tough because the gravity is high enough that you need a lot of braking to land, but it's not quite high enough to maintain a thick atmosphere, so you can't use drag (e.g parachutes) to help reduce work/weight. Venus has a thick atmosphere and the Venera probes were able to use parachutes to help land.
  - Sharlin 7y ago
    Well, you can use parachutes, and indeed every lander mission to Mars has done so, but they are not enough, necessitating complex EDL (entry/descent/landing) sequences.
- ilammy 7y ago
  One reason I read about once was that with Soviet rockets it was much more easy and economically feasible to get to Venus than to Mars, due to less delta-V required for inner Solar system travel. Being able to successfully land is irrelevant if you never get into planet’s orbit in the first place.
- rsynnott 7y ago
  There've been so few successful Mars landings, that this could be interpreted as "the Soviets lost a couple of dice throws", really; it's not clear how much of a success is down to doing it properly vs just luck. Everyone has failures with Mars. Also, of course, they clearly put more resources into Venus. AIUI it was the first Venera landings that established once and for all just how harsh conditions on Venus are; before that it looked potentially less harsh, and more interesting than, Mars.
- dsfyu404ed 7y ago
  Mars is expensive to get to and getting there is the hard part whereas Venus is cheap to get to and existing once you're there is the hard part. This has big implications for probe design. A successful Mars probe is very light for the amount of science bits it packs (mars is far away so each probe is expensive, gotta pack as much science as possible on each one). As long as your stuff works after touchdown you're basically in the clear since the environment is pretty tolerable and generally stable. It's an exercise in value engineering everything to within a hair of its life so that you can fit it within the weight budget and get it to Mars in the first place. This sort of compromise game is something American engineering and project management tends to excel in. Venus on the other hand is an exercise in pruning down your science instrument wish list to just the bare essentials (Venus is decently close, no need to compromise things so your favorite instrument can make the cut, it can just catch a ride on the next probe) then packaging all that in a form factor that can operate and survive as long as possible as the nearly four digit outside temperatures slowly overwhelm the probe. It's an exercise in picking the bare essentials that you need to do the job and then building it ruggedly enough to do that job consistently in adverse conditions and even as conditions degrade beyond what the system is designed to work in is something Russian engineering and project management tends to excel in.
jotm 7y ago
Yeah it's one of those space missions (there were several of them) that I look at and am amazed every time. Like the Curiosity landing - how awesome was that?

alexeyG 7y ago

Fantastical job has done! Maybe there are other non-digitized materials from any past missions, which could be digitized?

pixelpoet 7y ago

Maybe interesting to others, he's the Mitchell in the popular Mitchell-Netravali image resampling filters. Wikipedia only has an article in German and Japanese it seems: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell-Netravali-Filter https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell-Netravali-Filter

lokedhs 7y ago

Is there any more information on this than a single message on Twitter? Just like m0zg, the Venera missions are among my favourite ones, and I really want to read more about this as well as seeing high res images.

_Microft 7y ago
Click on "Show this thread" to see more. The Twitter user posted more about it as well, click his name to see his postings. There is also a website linked from his profile thats contains information about the "Soviet Exploration of Venus". http://mentallandscape.com/ http://mentallandscape.com/
jotm 7y ago
There's plenty of articles and forum discussions in Russian, if you want to use Translate I guess. http://galspace.spb.ru/index114.html http://galspace.spb.ru/index114.html https://habr.com/en/post/184444/ https://habr.com/en/post/184444/ https://www.roscosmos.ru/23286/ https://www.roscosmos.ru/23286/ (strangely I can't access the website... I hope it's just down, not blocked)
- anticodon 7y ago
  In the habr article there's this link to Don Mitchell's site: http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm
  - ncmncm 7y ago
    Wow that is an excellent site. Each page is a whole history.
  - jotm 7y ago
    I'll be honest, I didn't read it D: But wow, that is one awesome site! Thank you!

xvilka 7y ago

Should be put somewhere on archive.org I guess, along with many other similar tapes.

jefurii 7y ago
Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe
- dr_zoidberg 7y ago
  Ah yes, the famous LOCKSS principle. Quite true. Probably contacting Jason Scott[0] could set it on motion. [0] @textfiles on twitter

axguscbklp 7y ago

Question: why has the US not attempted to land on Venus? Another question: how long could a lander made with the best modern technology survive on Venus? Edit: oops! I just learned about Pioneer-Venus. Looks like the US has actually landed on Venus. Guess I should do more research before posting.

PhantomGremlin 7y ago
Question: why has the US not attempted to land on Venus? I'm glad the USA didn't. That left them more $$$ to spend on Mars and other projects. For the most part the "space race" was over when the USA landed on the moon. So wouldn't it make more economic sense if the various space-faring nations did different things? E.g. it was the ESA that sent Rosetta to Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
- Cthulhu_ 7y ago
  Money itself isn't the issue; copying from another website, NASA's budget for 2020 is $22 billion which represents 0.48% of all U.S. government spending (compare that to $705 billion for military spending combined).
walrus01 7y ago
My theory is that once the science data from the Venera probes was returned, it was confirmed that any further surface science missions would be VERY short lived. The pressures and temperatures are not something we have the technology to deal with presently. Whereas rovers on Mars can be built with current technology to operate for many years.
mirekrusin 7y ago
Because Soviets put a flag there, it’s theirs.
ibrault 7y ago
Not a lander but NASA has 2 potential Venus missions in their proposed Discovery missions! [0] In regards to why not a lander: I would guess it's because it's not really necessary? Orbiters (like the proposed ones above) can gather all of the science that's really necessary to study a planet like Venus. Landers are useful to study more micro-scale science to, for example, search for life (see the Mars rovers/landers and the proposed Europa lander). And orbiters are significantly cheaper and easier to make. Landing on Mars is really really really hard! I can assume it would only be harder on Venus. [0] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-four-possible-missions-to-study-the-secrets-of-the-solar-system https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-four-possibl...

Tepix 7y ago

Seeing the Venus surface images taken by the Venera 9 et al still blows me away. The US has a fantastic track record regarding Mars landings but the successful Russion Venus landings are equally awe inspiring pieces of human engineering.

deleted 7y ago
[deleted]

LawnGnome 7y ago

There's also another Twitter thread that has the final, cleaned up panoramas: https://twitter.com/DonaldM38768041/status/1234582083512619008 https://twitter.com/DonaldM38768041/status/12345820835126190...

dmix 7y ago

Wikipedia link to the space program, this was from the 1981 and 1982: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera?oldformat=true#Venera_13_and_14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera?oldformat=true#Venera_1...

Qub3d 7y ago

Tweet thread: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234658195668267010.html https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234658195668267010.html And followup, with full panoramas: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234582083512619008.html https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1234582083512619008.html

skykooler 7y ago
Unfortunately the threadreader version does not load the images (at least in Firefox), which makes it useless for an image-heavy tweet thread like this.
- layoutIfNeeded 7y ago
  I had the same issue until I’ve disabled my adblocker.

taf2 7y ago

I still think a Venus colony would be super cool and maybe more viable than mars given the available energy and gravity... this just seems so cool https://youtu.be/bcHkWKp9e4Y https://youtu.be/bcHkWKp9e4Y A cloud city

kjs3 7y ago
5 vehicles, 4 (5?) crew transfers? Not to mention some "interesting" environmental conditions. Yeah, it's definitely cool, but wow would it be a complicated mission.