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I used to think the same way as the author, i.e. if there is already a secured SSH bastion host and IAP-protected internal services, why do we still need VPN?

• sullivanmatt 7y ago
  Not to be particularly combative to this top-level comment author, but I did not see a reason to reply because I did not feel they had read the post particularly closely. Obviously defense in depth can go as deep or shallow as you see fit, given an organization's resources. We believe that the short-lived SSH certificates, IP whitelisting (via "enterprise port knocking"), endpoint authentication (device trust), password authentication, and multifactor authentication are enough to protect a single production deployment. Encompassing all of that with a VPN seemed unnecessary when other protection mechanisms like the above, and additional mechanisms that we won't speak to publicly, are taken into account. Like with anything, it's a game of risk, and it is up to each organization to decide what risk level they will tolerate. I believe most organizations have deployed VPNs in a way that gives them a higher exposure, and simply wanted to share some of the things we have learned through the process :)