3-car 200-passangers train going 160 km/h in Sweden uses 5.6 kWh per 1 km [1]. More than that when it accelerates, but it mostly happens near the stations where

3-car 200-passangers train going 160 km/h in Sweden uses 5.6 kWh per 1 km [1]. More than that when it accelerates, but it mostly happens near the stations where there is electric network. Or if the train stops there you can just detach used batteries and attach freshly charged ones - should help if the charging is too slow (but it shouldn't be - after all if the electric network is sufficient for powering trains when they accelerate/decelerate and use several times more power than on cruise - then it should be also sufficient for charging batteries powering trains when they cruise). That's 560 kWh or 112 of used Tesla battery modules 5 kWh each. You can buy one for 1300 USD [2]. That's a recyclable resource (from used electric car batteries) and it would cost about 150 000 USD to upgrade one train with these. 150 000 USD is peanuts compared to multi-million USD prices per car of most modern passanger trains [3]. It would also add 2.9 tonnes to the train, which isn't that much for 3 cars train that weighs 165 tonnes [4]. You could add it as a small aerodynamic car trailing the train that can be swapped on stations if needed (so you don't need to upgrade all the trains, just buy enough of these cars to serve the unelectrified lines). This would bypass the need for new hydrogen supply chain, would have much better synergy with already electrified tracks, would allow to gradually improve the system, and wouldn't need any carbon emission (unlike hydrogen production). It's also a proven technology unlike hydrogen power. Sources: [1] https://www.quora.com/How-much-electricity-is-used-by-a-train-to-run-1-km https://www.quora.com/How-much-electricity-is-used-by-a-trai... [2] http://store.evtv.me/proddetail.php?prod=TeslaBattModule http://store.evtv.me/proddetail.php?prod=TeslaBattModule [3] https://montrealgazette.com/business/local-business/bombardier-transportation-wins-580m-contract-in-sweden https://montrealgazette.com/business/local-business/bombardi... [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_(train) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_(train)