In 2017 retail prescription drug expenditures were $333 billion, accounting for just 10% of total healthcare expenditures.[1] I realize prescription drug prices

In 2017 retail prescription drug expenditures were $333 billion, accounting for just 10% of total healthcare expenditures.[1] I realize prescription drug prices are insane, the patent regime is broken, and the industry is generally messed up. But at 10%, relying on lower cost prescription drugs to save the day isn't going to help. People feel it's a bigger issue than it is (relative to the overall problem), because it's one of the few aspects with which most people have regular and direct experience, including with pricing. Likewise, total billing and insurance related (BIR) administrative costs are ~$500 billion.[2] (Year unknown.) Or roughly 15% of total healthcare expenditures. And that's up from $471 billion in 2012[3], even though the ACA capped insurance provider administrative overhead and instituted many other reforms intended to address these costs. Plus, it's odd that people on both the left and the right who are convinced that lobbyists control Washington will simultaneously hold the notion in their head that either a public option or single-payer would be able to consistently cap reimbursements and contain costs. If they're right then it's a miracle Medicare and Medicaid do as it as much as they do, and impossible for it to do so once the Federal government is directly reimbursing the majority of healthcare expenditures. Indeed, if it were possible then defense expenditures would be more efficient and a fraction of what they currently are. These rosy estimates are ridiculous. We have over 10 years of direct experience with substantial and serious healthcare reform. Obamacare attempted and does enact a variant of almost every concrete reform imaginable. Whatever you think of Obamacare, you can't deny that it has provided mountains of empirical data about the difficulties and promises of containing costs. And yet Obamacare opponents on both sides--those who want to return to the pre-Obamacare system, and those who want a public option or single-payer--willfully ignore the evidence, unchastened by reality. A California congressional committee looked at the potential costs for single-payer in the state and it would have required an additional $200 billion/year in tax revenue even after accounting for diverting existing private and Federal expenditures. That's what a cold, hard, realistic examination of the facts looks like even by those predisposed to enacting it. Maybe that $200 billion would be worth it; from a moral perspective it certainly seems so. But to deny the costs is to invite failure and financial ruin as not even a majority of Californians, let alone Americans, are willing to make that sacrifice. We need to figure out how to better solve the cost problems before we continue to wade further into the waters. Otherwise we're just going to drown. If you look at all the other healthcare systems around the world with both better outcomes and lesser costs, neither single-payer nor a public option are defining characteristics. Rather, they run the gamut from mostly private to mostly public. It we can't lower costs with Obamacare, which has both substantial public and private components (and thus opportunities for exploring structural efficiencies across the spectrum), switching to single-payer or a public option won't move the needle. [1] https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/highlights.pdf https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Sta... [2] https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2019/04/08/468302/excess-administrative-costs-burden-u-s-health-care-system/ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2... [3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540104 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540104