To verify whether or not a provider keeps logs subpoenas are the gold standard, there's also audits. https://www.techspot.com/news/82259-keeping-private-5-vpns

To verify whether or not a provider keeps logs subpoenas are the gold standard, there's also audits. https://www.techspot.com/news/82259-keeping-private-5-vpns-have-verified-keep-no.html https://www.techspot.com/news/82259-keeping-private-5-vpns-h...