You seem to be demonstrating how miscommunication is very easy in the example shown! In the example, the idea is that there is one new drug that was shown to b

You seem to be demonstrating how miscommunication is very easy in the example shown! In the example, the idea is that there is one new drug that was shown to be unsafe, but that there is a risk that the results will be misinterpreted to suggest that lots of other drugs are unsafe too. If the communication is handled well, then use of the new drug will never start, and people can continue to use other drugs which are safe. > then the third outcome is unavoidable Alternatively, if you mean that incorrect and misleading headlines are unavoidable... then yes, that is a persistent problem, agreed.