3 ms·
L1 to L4 are just a shorthand way network engineers talk about: 1. The physical connection and voltage/light levels 2. Switching and MAC addresses 3. Rou
by packet_nerd 7y ago
L1 to L4 are just a shorthand way network engineers talk about:
1. The physical connection and voltage/light levels
2. Switching and MAC addresses
3. Routing and IP addresses
4. TCP/UDP and port numbers
Of course we know it's more complicated than that, but it's still a useful simplification.