These companies get paid by the scam call centers overseas, so they are the gateway. They then route it through a series of middlemen until eventually going to

These companies get paid by the scam call centers overseas, so they are the gateway. They then route it through a series of middlemen until eventually going to AT&T or Verizon. The complaints explain it well, specifically on page 9 (items 21-23) of https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1240031/download https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1240031/downl...