However, it’s worth noting that Vulkan, Metal, and modern DirectX are so similar to each other that translation layers are extremely thin and have a performance

However, it’s worth noting that Vulkan, Metal, and modern DirectX are so similar to each other that translation layers are extremely thin and have a performance penalty somewhere between negligible and nothing. That’s a dramatic improvement from where things were before OpenGL and DirectX had no interchangeability at all.