I am not sure why you're skeptical about any of these stats. A visit to any modern metro system outside of America will reflect what Alon says. 10 min headways

I am not sure why you're skeptical about any of these stats. A visit to any modern metro system outside of America will reflect what Alon says. 10 min headways while decent in America is still kinda annoying. Note that the 10 min headways is really more like 15 when taking into account American transit's unreliability in actually adhering to the schedule. That being said, I don't think the lack of off-peak usage is because of low frequency, but rather lack of density on the suburban stations. If there's only offices at the core stations then people can only really use it for going to work.