5 ms·

For anyone diagnosed with ADHD, taking stimulants is associated with 8+x increase of being diagnosed with a basal ganglia and cerebellum disease later in life.

For anyone diagnosed with ADHD, taking stimulants is associated with 8+x increase of being diagnosed with a basal ganglia and cerebellum disease later in life. I believe this is NOT causative, but is instead a correlation between other diseases associated with Dopamine production and ADHD. I take and have continued to take stimulants for ADHD. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-018-0207-5 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-018-0207-5 In my family's case, we likely have something called Dopa Responsive Dystonia (DRD), and what the author is describing sounds to me like what I experienced prior to being diagnosed with ADHD, and later with DRD. Having said that, I'm not a doctor, so please go see an experienced movement disorder specialist if you are reading this and have any concerns. DRD is very hard to diagnose, but easy to treat. Because the stimulants (Adderall and Ritalin) made the DRD symptoms worse, my mother happened to get early onset Parkinson's, and my grandmother also responded to carbodopa/levodopa (carbo/levo), it was fairly obvious in retrospect, but if we didn't have a family member with early onset Parkinson's I doubt it would have been picked up. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine-responsive_dystonia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine-responsive_dystonia My sense is that anyone with ADHD who uses stimulants should see an experienced movement disorder neurologist or few about basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases and try out medications based on their assessment. From personal experience, it became extremely clear I had DRD after taking carbo/levo, but there's no way I would have really known without trying it. It also helps with some of the stimulant side effects, which I still continue to take because they are very effective. My family has seen maybe six neurologists total, and only one really knew about DRD. The Dystonia Foundation has a decent doctor locator. https://dystonia-foundation.org/living-dystonia/find-a-doctor/ https://dystonia-foundation.org/living-dystonia/find-a-docto...

pgt 7y ago
Thanks for this! Any news on increasing the risk of Alzheimer's by taking dopaminergic drugs?
- aidenn0 7y ago
  Parkinsons seems to be more likely than Alzheimer's since dopamine plays a big part in parkinsons.
- omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
  There's no direct link I've read about. From personal experience, having DRD increases the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's, which happened to my grandma about 20 years ago, but that's just because some of the symptoms are very general, and it's especially hard to tease out with co-morbid conditions that may have some overlap.
vonseel 7y ago
Thanks for this, I’m going to have to look into that research
RankingMember 7y ago
I didn't know this, but I take my medication as rarely as possible because I hate the comedown, appetite suppression, and tolerance building that occurs. It sucks, but I had a feeling there was some long-term downside like this. Hopefully lessening frequency to occasional use also lessens the likelihood of what you describe.
- omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
  I don't think it's a causative relationship. My feeling is that there are a group of disorders related to Dopamine production that overlap with ADHD, for obvious reasons, and if you have one of those you're more likely to get diagnosed with ADHD. On the flip side, getting treatment for those disorders, provided you have one of them, can also help with some of the ADHD symptoms.
- nicoburns 7y ago
  This. I will always advise people to avoid medication for ADHD and major depression if they possibly can, not because I have a moral problem with it, but because I've yet to find one case where it was sustainable long-term. (bipolar/schizophrenia/BPD are a different matter. Quite possibly because the medications aren't stimulants).
  - munk-a 7y ago
    I would really suggest stopping that advise unless you're a medical professional, the long term effects should be considered and attempting to be on a methylphenidate for extended periods of time isn't to be taken lightly due to even obvious and relatively minor effects like increased blood pressure. But, for some people it makes quite a significant and noticeable differences and adding to the stigma of taking a medication by reinforcing that it's non-essential will decrease some folks' quality of life. Presenting information about the long term effects is good and I, especially, appreciate it - but please don't attempt to judge treatment efficacy when, especially in the realm of neurological disorders, treatment efficacy can vary wildly from case to case. So please do share your story and invite people to learn, but don't council others.
  - 7y ago
matheusmoreira 7y ago
Thank you for citing this article. It is also known that using methamphetamine increases cardiovascular risk. Prescription amphetamines might do the same.
munk-a 7y ago
This has always been quite concerning to me as I've had a worsening essential tremor that was slight in my early twenties but is quite observable now that I'm in my thirties. The confounding effect that really hurts me here is that my father has had a benign essential tremor for his whole life - so there's a constant see-saw internally and with medical practitioners about whether my tremor is something to be concerned about or not.
- omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
  I suspect that my mom developing a tremor is what turned her DRD, which was in retrospect similar to what myself and my grandma have, into Parkinson's. As far as I can tell, for my family anyway, developing the a tremor will rapidly deplete what little Dopamine we can produce and lead to normal'ish looking Parkinson's. The genetic defects associated with this are I believe a spectrum though, and we happen to be close to one side of it. If you have any symptoms related to DRD, I would see a movement disorder specialist and ask for a trial of carbo/levo. It'll be immediately obvious if it helps, and if you don't have any problems with Dopamine production it won't do anything (except for some mild side effects).
mdthrowaway 7y ago
Segawa's is completely irrelevant in this case and not supported by any symptoms the author reports in the original article. I have diagnosed Segawa's. It is quite irresponsible to wave people off of successful treatments of ADHD, as you're doing here, because of your family's (unfortunate) history with a genetic disease. I apologize that we know little about Segawa's and you've had a journey to understand it, but there is approximately zero overlap between common ADHD symptoms and the presentation of Segawa's, which is primarily motor-related. Please, don't read comments like these and distance yourself from treatment. There is always more to a study. Source: Board-certified neurologist.
- omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
  I think you're misinterpreting my post based on some of the other responses. I will update it to unambiguously state that people taking stimulants for ADHD should continue to take them, just like I have continued to.
  - mdthrowaway 7y ago
    I'm not misinterpreting your post. You diagnosed the author with Segawa's based on your experiences by pointing out you wouldn't be surprised if he "had something similar". He does not, with certainty. You're also warning folks that the only consistently successful treatments we have for this (much, much more common) hyperactivity disorder are associated with unlikely neurological outcomes. Sure, an 8x increase sounds high, until you realize that it's multiplying a mere fraction, context you do not include. I'm sorry to appeal to authority here, but comments like these do actually harm people by shying them away from treatment (just look at your replies), and please don't write them. Again, I'm sorry you're dealing with Segawa's, but even your edits in response to my comment are making your statement more harmful because they're based in pure speculation.
    - omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
      I am not a doctor and I did not diagnose them with anything. I stated that what they described sounded very similar (nearly identical) to my experience, initially with ADHD and then with DRD. I have updated the initial post with clarifying statements. I don't intend to mislead anyone. However, I do want people to be aware of possible links between ADHD and other disorders so that they can evaluate their own situation and seek medical care if they would like to. More to the point, my family has been misdiagnosed for decades, and this likely would have been avoided if we were more aware of other possible diagnoses.
ryandvm 7y ago
Thanks for the info on ADHD / basal ganglia and cerebellum. I was not aware of this. It should be noted though that the study authors were pretty clear that the correlation is unclear given that untreated ADHD sufferers had a 2.5-fold increase in the same diseases. > Researchers postulated that the association between psychostimulant use and BG&C diseases may be a result of a more severe ADHD phenotype, rather than a direct pharmacological effect.
deleted 7y ago
[deleted]
yellow_viper 7y ago
Yep - these conditions are closesly linked https://scientonline.org/open-access/dystonia-and-its-treatment-in-ehlers-danlos-syndrome.pdf https://scientonline.org/open-access/dystonia-and-its-treatm... Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism, ADHD, Delayed Speech/language, dyspraxia) >"hyper mobile joints are an uncommon finding in those who do not have attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." >Differences in the structural integrity of temporal and parietal cortices may underlie wider behavioural phenotypical expression of hypermobility: abnormalities in superior temporal cortex are also seen in autism.11 Inferior parietal cortex can affect proprioceptive awareness and hypermobility is itself linked to dyspraxia.1 Our findings suggest that processes compromising function in neuro-developmental conditions may occur in individuals with hypermobility, putatively enhancing vulnerability to stress and anxiety. Autism, Joint Hypermobility-Related Disorders and Pain ASD and HRDs, specially hEDS, are conditions with a strong genetic component, a polymorphic clinical presentation, appearing both in infancy, and sharing several phenotypical features (35). Although existing data does not allow to ascertain increase prevalence of ASD in HRDs, as well as shared underlying patho-mechanisms between both conditions, there is increasing evidence suggesting that these co-occur more often than expected by chance. This requires be confirmed by further investigation which should consider the recent nosological changes both in EDS and the hypermobility spectrum disorders [see (17, 38)], and in ASD (72). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292952 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292952 Joint hypermobility and the heritable disorders of connective tissue: clinical and empirical evidence of links with psychiatry - In 1988, Hofman et al.[58], in a sample of 30 children with MFS,observed that 17% had attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity. A decade later, Harris[59] stated, based on his clinical experience with 200 patients with ADHD, that "hyper mobile joints are an uncommon finding in those who do not have attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." In Sweden,Hollertz[60,61] also pointed out the frequent co-occurrence of ADHD and JH in adults patients. He observed that an orientation to orthopedic and rehabilitation care was common in these patients due to joint problems. Thus, this author speculates about a possible genetic marker com-mon to ADHD and EDS. Recently, Koldas Dogan et al.[62]explored JH using the Beighton score in 54 children with ADHD compared to 36healthy controls. In this study, JH was significantly more frequentamong patients than among controls (31.5% vs. 13.9%). In accor-dance with these results, Shiari et al.[63]also found a higher prev-alence of JH, assessed with the same method of the previous study,among Iranian children with ADHD compared to controls (74.4%vs. 12.8%), confirming an association between ADHD and abnormal collagen conditions. JOINT HYPERMOBILITY AND AUTONOMIC HYPERACTIVITY: RELEVANCE TO NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS > It is likely that the importance of hypermobility and autonomic dysfunction to the generation and maintenance of psychopathology in neurodevelopmental disorders is poorly appreciated. Work underway(autonomic testing, fMRI) will test the hypothesis that autonomic reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity predispose to the expression of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety - We demonstrate for the first time that rates of hypermobility and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are particularly high in adults with neurodevelopmental diagnoses. It is likely that the importance of hypermobility and autonomic dysfunction to the generation and maintenance of psychopathology in neurodevelopmental disorders is poorly appreciated. Work underway(autonomic testing, fMRI) will test the hypothesis that autonomic reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity predispose to the expression of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety. It is further hypothesized that inefficient neural co-ordination of efferent autonomic drive with imprecise interoceptive representations may be amplified in hypermobile individuals. In hypermobility, this mechanism might explain increased vulnerability to stress sensitive and developmental neuropsychiatric conditions. - https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/85/8/e3.40?utm_source=trendmd&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=jnnp&utm_content=consumer&utm_term=0-A https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/85/8/e3.40?utm_source=trendmd&u... [Searching for a biological marker common for both ADHD and EDS]. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468413 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468413 - speculated about a common biological base shared by ADHD and EDS after observing the frequent cooccurrence of both pathologies in a clinical setting. Connective tissue problems and attention deficit and hyperactivity Attachments - [ADHDBaeza-Velascoetal.2015.pdf](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/OKFCuEQ7ZlUwef/d4e262258a97f03a1d5cf1b318d03b1ff05b90fb/original/ADHDBaeza-Velascoetal.2015.pdf https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/OKFCuEQ7Zl...) - To the Editor, The heritable disorders of the connective tissue are a group of genetic disorders affecting connective tissue matrix proteins that classically include Marfan syndrome (MFS), Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS), benign joint hypermobility syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta (Grahame 2000). As connective tissue is found throughout the body, the clinical manifestations of these disorders are varied, including disturbances in different systems (skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular, etc.). A common feature of the heritable disorders of the connective tissue is joint hypermobility (JH), which is a highly heritable condition characterized by an increased range of motion of the joints as a consequence of connective tissue involvement.We encountered a 7-year-old boy addressed by teachers due to school problems. His mother suffer from MFS such as his maternal grandmother who died by cardiac complications. Considering familial antecedents, his morphotype (long bone overgrowth), JH and ocular ... A connective tissue disorder may underlie ESSENCE problems in childhood Attachments - [1-s2.0-S0891422216302402-main.pdf](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/aghis3LMNvPqcq/2dcc15f1e129177b3f3bd11585a5101a82744613/original/1-s2.0-S0891422216302402-main.pdf https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/aghis3LMNv...) - ![](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8GqMprM/017eaae9790bc1e30c51690624a083aff1ee1a7e/preview/Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8Gq...) Attachments - [Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8GqMprM/017eaae9790bc1e30c51690624a083aff1ee1a7e/original/Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8Gq...) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, joint hypermobility-related disorders and pain: expanding body-mind connections to the developmental age. >Recent research seems to indicate a degree of co-occurrence of JHS/hEDS and some neuro-developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In the area of ADHD, researchers found that adults with ADHD had higher rates of JH and problems with automatic control of body functions (dysautonomia) compared to healthy controls. Other researchers observed high co-occurrence of JH or EDS with ADHD. Concerning DCD, children with DCD have more symptoms associated with JHS/hEDS compared to typically developing children. The relationship between JH and DCD may be due to poor positional sensing in affected children. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446032 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446032 A Cohort Study Comparing Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Generalized Joint Hypermobility - This research supports a growing body of literature indicating that immune-mediated disorders are a common comorbid feature in hEDS and GJH. In addition, we have also shown that this dysfunction may be paired with endocrine dysregulation, leading to complex immune and hormonal exophenotypes, such as autoimmune disorders, allergic rhinitis, asthma, endometriosis, and dysmenorrhea. While we have not addressed autism and GJH comorbidity rates in this study, their co-occurrence in the adult ASD female population suggests links between the dysfunction of connective tissue and the immune and endocrine systems in this subpopulation. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867488/ Rationale for Dietary Antioxidant Treatment of ADHD [[MDPI - 2018](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946190/) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946190/)] >ADHD might thus be a (non) allergic hypersensitivity disorder caused by an environmental trigger, based on a non-IgE dependent histamine release from mast cells and basophilic granulocytes, since the histamine H3 receptor is involved in hyperactivity and promotes dopamine release in the frontal cortex. Moreover, polymorphisms in the histamine N-methyl transferase (HNMT) gene, impairing histamine clearance, were found to affect the behavioral responses to food additives, which increase histamine levels #ADHD

pgt 7y ago

Thanks for this! Any news on increasing the risk of Alzheimer's by taking dopaminergic drugs?

aidenn0 7y ago
Parkinsons seems to be more likely than Alzheimer's since dopamine plays a big part in parkinsons.
omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
There's no direct link I've read about. From personal experience, having DRD increases the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's, which happened to my grandma about 20 years ago, but that's just because some of the symptoms are very general, and it's especially hard to tease out with co-morbid conditions that may have some overlap.

vonseel 7y ago

Thanks for this, I’m going to have to look into that research

RankingMember 7y ago

I didn't know this, but I take my medication as rarely as possible because I hate the comedown, appetite suppression, and tolerance building that occurs. It sucks, but I had a feeling there was some long-term downside like this. Hopefully lessening frequency to occasional use also lessens the likelihood of what you describe.

omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
I don't think it's a causative relationship. My feeling is that there are a group of disorders related to Dopamine production that overlap with ADHD, for obvious reasons, and if you have one of those you're more likely to get diagnosed with ADHD. On the flip side, getting treatment for those disorders, provided you have one of them, can also help with some of the ADHD symptoms.
nicoburns 7y ago
This. I will always advise people to avoid medication for ADHD and major depression if they possibly can, not because I have a moral problem with it, but because I've yet to find one case where it was sustainable long-term. (bipolar/schizophrenia/BPD are a different matter. Quite possibly because the medications aren't stimulants).
- munk-a 7y ago
  I would really suggest stopping that advise unless you're a medical professional, the long term effects should be considered and attempting to be on a methylphenidate for extended periods of time isn't to be taken lightly due to even obvious and relatively minor effects like increased blood pressure. But, for some people it makes quite a significant and noticeable differences and adding to the stigma of taking a medication by reinforcing that it's non-essential will decrease some folks' quality of life. Presenting information about the long term effects is good and I, especially, appreciate it - but please don't attempt to judge treatment efficacy when, especially in the realm of neurological disorders, treatment efficacy can vary wildly from case to case. So please do share your story and invite people to learn, but don't council others.
- 7y ago

matheusmoreira 7y ago

Thank you for citing this article. It is also known that using methamphetamine increases cardiovascular risk. Prescription amphetamines might do the same.

munk-a 7y ago

This has always been quite concerning to me as I've had a worsening essential tremor that was slight in my early twenties but is quite observable now that I'm in my thirties. The confounding effect that really hurts me here is that my father has had a benign essential tremor for his whole life - so there's a constant see-saw internally and with medical practitioners about whether my tremor is something to be concerned about or not.

omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
I suspect that my mom developing a tremor is what turned her DRD, which was in retrospect similar to what myself and my grandma have, into Parkinson's. As far as I can tell, for my family anyway, developing the a tremor will rapidly deplete what little Dopamine we can produce and lead to normal'ish looking Parkinson's. The genetic defects associated with this are I believe a spectrum though, and we happen to be close to one side of it. If you have any symptoms related to DRD, I would see a movement disorder specialist and ask for a trial of carbo/levo. It'll be immediately obvious if it helps, and if you don't have any problems with Dopamine production it won't do anything (except for some mild side effects).

mdthrowaway 7y ago

Segawa's is completely irrelevant in this case and not supported by any symptoms the author reports in the original article. I have diagnosed Segawa's. It is quite irresponsible to wave people off of successful treatments of ADHD, as you're doing here, because of your family's (unfortunate) history with a genetic disease. I apologize that we know little about Segawa's and you've had a journey to understand it, but there is approximately zero overlap between common ADHD symptoms and the presentation of Segawa's, which is primarily motor-related. Please, don't read comments like these and distance yourself from treatment. There is always more to a study. Source: Board-certified neurologist.

omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
I think you're misinterpreting my post based on some of the other responses. I will update it to unambiguously state that people taking stimulants for ADHD should continue to take them, just like I have continued to.
- mdthrowaway 7y ago
  I'm not misinterpreting your post. You diagnosed the author with Segawa's based on your experiences by pointing out you wouldn't be surprised if he "had something similar". He does not, with certainty. You're also warning folks that the only consistently successful treatments we have for this (much, much more common) hyperactivity disorder are associated with unlikely neurological outcomes. Sure, an 8x increase sounds high, until you realize that it's multiplying a mere fraction, context you do not include. I'm sorry to appeal to authority here, but comments like these do actually harm people by shying them away from treatment (just look at your replies), and please don't write them. Again, I'm sorry you're dealing with Segawa's, but even your edits in response to my comment are making your statement more harmful because they're based in pure speculation.
  - omgwtfbyobbq 7y ago
    I am not a doctor and I did not diagnose them with anything. I stated that what they described sounded very similar (nearly identical) to my experience, initially with ADHD and then with DRD. I have updated the initial post with clarifying statements. I don't intend to mislead anyone. However, I do want people to be aware of possible links between ADHD and other disorders so that they can evaluate their own situation and seek medical care if they would like to. More to the point, my family has been misdiagnosed for decades, and this likely would have been avoided if we were more aware of other possible diagnoses.

ryandvm 7y ago

Thanks for the info on ADHD / basal ganglia and cerebellum. I was not aware of this. It should be noted though that the study authors were pretty clear that the correlation is unclear given that untreated ADHD sufferers had a 2.5-fold increase in the same diseases. > Researchers postulated that the association between psychostimulant use and BG&C diseases may be a result of a more severe ADHD phenotype, rather than a direct pharmacological effect.

deleted 7y ago

[deleted]

yellow_viper 7y ago

Yep - these conditions are closesly linked https://scientonline.org/open-access/dystonia-and-its-treatment-in-ehlers-danlos-syndrome.pdf https://scientonline.org/open-access/dystonia-and-its-treatm... Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism, ADHD, Delayed Speech/language, dyspraxia) >"hyper mobile joints are an uncommon finding in those who do not have attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." >Differences in the structural integrity of temporal and parietal cortices may underlie wider behavioural phenotypical expression of hypermobility: abnormalities in superior temporal cortex are also seen in autism.11 Inferior parietal cortex can affect proprioceptive awareness and hypermobility is itself linked to dyspraxia.1 Our findings suggest that processes compromising function in neuro-developmental conditions may occur in individuals with hypermobility, putatively enhancing vulnerability to stress and anxiety. Autism, Joint Hypermobility-Related Disorders and Pain ASD and HRDs, specially hEDS, are conditions with a strong genetic component, a polymorphic clinical presentation, appearing both in infancy, and sharing several phenotypical features (35). Although existing data does not allow to ascertain increase prevalence of ASD in HRDs, as well as shared underlying patho-mechanisms between both conditions, there is increasing evidence suggesting that these co-occur more often than expected by chance. This requires be confirmed by further investigation which should consider the recent nosological changes both in EDS and the hypermobility spectrum disorders [see (17, 38)], and in ASD (72). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292952 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292952 Joint hypermobility and the heritable disorders of connective tissue: clinical and empirical evidence of links with psychiatry - In 1988, Hofman et al.[58], in a sample of 30 children with MFS,observed that 17% had attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity. A decade later, Harris[59] stated, based on his clinical experience with 200 patients with ADHD, that "hyper mobile joints are an uncommon finding in those who do not have attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." In Sweden,Hollertz[60,61] also pointed out the frequent co-occurrence of ADHD and JH in adults patients. He observed that an orientation to orthopedic and rehabilitation care was common in these patients due to joint problems. Thus, this author speculates about a possible genetic marker com-mon to ADHD and EDS. Recently, Koldas Dogan et al.[62]explored JH using the Beighton score in 54 children with ADHD compared to 36healthy controls. In this study, JH was significantly more frequentamong patients than among controls (31.5% vs. 13.9%). In accor-dance with these results, Shiari et al.[63]also found a higher prev-alence of JH, assessed with the same method of the previous study,among Iranian children with ADHD compared to controls (74.4%vs. 12.8%), confirming an association between ADHD and abnormal collagen conditions. JOINT HYPERMOBILITY AND AUTONOMIC HYPERACTIVITY: RELEVANCE TO NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS > It is likely that the importance of hypermobility and autonomic dysfunction to the generation and maintenance of psychopathology in neurodevelopmental disorders is poorly appreciated. Work underway(autonomic testing, fMRI) will test the hypothesis that autonomic reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity predispose to the expression of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety - We demonstrate for the first time that rates of hypermobility and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are particularly high in adults with neurodevelopmental diagnoses. It is likely that the importance of hypermobility and autonomic dysfunction to the generation and maintenance of psychopathology in neurodevelopmental disorders is poorly appreciated. Work underway(autonomic testing, fMRI) will test the hypothesis that autonomic reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity predispose to the expression of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety. It is further hypothesized that inefficient neural co-ordination of efferent autonomic drive with imprecise interoceptive representations may be amplified in hypermobile individuals. In hypermobility, this mechanism might explain increased vulnerability to stress sensitive and developmental neuropsychiatric conditions. - https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/85/8/e3.40?utm_source=trendmd&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=jnnp&utm_content=consumer&utm_term=0-A https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/85/8/e3.40?utm_source=trendmd&u... [Searching for a biological marker common for both ADHD and EDS]. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468413 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468413 - speculated about a common biological base shared by ADHD and EDS after observing the frequent cooccurrence of both pathologies in a clinical setting. Connective tissue problems and attention deficit and hyperactivity Attachments - [ADHDBaeza-Velascoetal.2015.pdf](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/OKFCuEQ7ZlUwef/d4e262258a97f03a1d5cf1b318d03b1ff05b90fb/original/ADHDBaeza-Velascoetal.2015.pdf https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/OKFCuEQ7Zl...) - To the Editor, The heritable disorders of the connective tissue are a group of genetic disorders affecting connective tissue matrix proteins that classically include Marfan syndrome (MFS), Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS), benign joint hypermobility syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta (Grahame 2000). As connective tissue is found throughout the body, the clinical manifestations of these disorders are varied, including disturbances in different systems (skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular, etc.). A common feature of the heritable disorders of the connective tissue is joint hypermobility (JH), which is a highly heritable condition characterized by an increased range of motion of the joints as a consequence of connective tissue involvement.We encountered a 7-year-old boy addressed by teachers due to school problems. His mother suffer from MFS such as his maternal grandmother who died by cardiac complications. Considering familial antecedents, his morphotype (long bone overgrowth), JH and ocular ... A connective tissue disorder may underlie ESSENCE problems in childhood Attachments - [1-s2.0-S0891422216302402-main.pdf](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/aghis3LMNvPqcq/2dcc15f1e129177b3f3bd11585a5101a82744613/original/1-s2.0-S0891422216302402-main.pdf https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/aghis3LMNv...) - ![](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8GqMprM/017eaae9790bc1e30c51690624a083aff1ee1a7e/preview/Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8Gq...) Attachments - [Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png](https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8GqMprM/017eaae9790bc1e30c51690624a083aff1ee1a7e/original/Screenshot_2019-06-27_at_16.53.23.png https://checkvist-prod-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/u/dm7JuPP8Gq...) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, joint hypermobility-related disorders and pain: expanding body-mind connections to the developmental age. >Recent research seems to indicate a degree of co-occurrence of JHS/hEDS and some neuro-developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In the area of ADHD, researchers found that adults with ADHD had higher rates of JH and problems with automatic control of body functions (dysautonomia) compared to healthy controls. Other researchers observed high co-occurrence of JH or EDS with ADHD. Concerning DCD, children with DCD have more symptoms associated with JHS/hEDS compared to typically developing children. The relationship between JH and DCD may be due to poor positional sensing in affected children. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446032 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446032 A Cohort Study Comparing Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Generalized Joint Hypermobility - This research supports a growing body of literature indicating that immune-mediated disorders are a common comorbid feature in hEDS and GJH. In addition, we have also shown that this dysfunction may be paired with endocrine dysregulation, leading to complex immune and hormonal exophenotypes, such as autoimmune disorders, allergic rhinitis, asthma, endometriosis, and dysmenorrhea. While we have not addressed autism and GJH comorbidity rates in this study, their co-occurrence in the adult ASD female population suggests links between the dysfunction of connective tissue and the immune and endocrine systems in this subpopulation. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867488/ Rationale for Dietary Antioxidant Treatment of ADHD [[MDPI - 2018](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946190/) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946190/)] >ADHD might thus be a (non) allergic hypersensitivity disorder caused by an environmental trigger, based on a non-IgE dependent histamine release from mast cells and basophilic granulocytes, since the histamine H3 receptor is involved in hyperactivity and promotes dopamine release in the frontal cortex. Moreover, polymorphisms in the histamine N-methyl transferase (HNMT) gene, impairing histamine clearance, were found to affect the behavioral responses to food additives, which increase histamine levels #ADHD