In some cases, it's possible to rewrite incrementally via refactoring. (Whether you can do this depends on the architecture of the system and whether the starti

In some cases, it's possible to rewrite incrementally via refactoring. (Whether you can do this depends on the architecture of the system and whether the starting and target languages have decent interoperability.) In other words, rewrite one small piece of a system at a time while maintaining the entire unit and integration test suite. While this doesn't completely obviate the risks you point out, being able to rely on existing tests can make the effort far more plausible and less risky.