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Why so much concern of British officers in India, Better question would be how did common Indian population survived British Raj, when American Native populatio
by acd10j 7y ago
Why so much concern of British officers in India,
Better question would be how did common Indian population survived British Raj, when American Native populations did not.
- 0xB31B1B 7y agoIndian populations had immunity to diseases that American natives did not.
- sct202 7y agoNative Americans had no exposure or resistance to smallpox, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, malaria, measles, scarlet fever, typhoid, tuberculosis, etc etc. There are a lot of accounts of cities and towns being completely depopulated very rapidly during the early colonial period just from disease before there was large scale immigration to the Americas from the old world.
- smnrchrds 7y agoFollow-up question: why did the disease exchange only affect native Americans. Why didn't the colonists perish due to contact with deadly American diseases they had no exposure or resistance to? Why were the European diseases so deadly to Americans, but not vice versa?
- stevedt 7y agoWhile not everyone is a fan of Jared Diamond, see: https://www.enotes.com/topics/guns-germs-steel https://www.enotes.com/topics/guns-germs-steel Infectious diseases often arise when humans live in large groups with their animals from which a lot of the diseases originate.
- iguy 7y agoThis was less likely for two reasons. First, the old world had dense concentrations of people for much longer, which domesticated many different diseases, making them childhood annoyances. And second, we spent much longer living in Africa, and co-evolved with diseases like malaria, which but left these behind when emigrating via Alaska. (Edit: I forgot syphilis, which is a likely candidate for a new-world disease. But certainly there were fewer.) East-west contact within Eurasia of course did bring some serious diseases to the West, to which people had no resistance. Plague in the 14thC, cholera in the 19th. (Did any similar diseases arrive in the East? I can't think of any.)
- rhcom2 7y agoInteresting question. I found this: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2014/03/native-americans-didnt-wipe-europeans-diseases/ http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2014/03/native-ameri... Fun tidbit: > But contrary to popular belief, it wasn’t all one sided. It’s believed that one Native American disease did slip on to the European ships and sailed onward to Europe doing some major damage in the process. That disease was syphilis.
- BerislavLopac 7y agoIt is one theory, but things are not completely clear: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_syphilis#Origin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_syphilis#Origin
- rb808 7y agoSyphilis was taken back to Europe and killed millions.
- TazeTSchnitzel 7y agoFor one thing, there are accounts of Europeans deliberately exposing the natives to diseases. It wasn't just a natural unfortunate occurance.
- nemo 7y agoThere are plural accounts, but there is only a single documented case historians have evidence for of the British at Fort Pitt deliberately using infected items from their infirmary.
- quindecagon 7y agoI wonder how they thought of it. I don't think germ theory was common knowledge at the time.
- skrause 7y agoThere is a great video by CGP Grey which covers exactly that topic: https://youtu.be/JEYh5WACqEk https://youtu.be/JEYh5WACqEk
- lurquer 7y agoLung cancer.
- NLips 7y agoMy uneducated guess is that the Europeans lived in much larger communities (in Europe), which is a much better breeding ground for disease. This meant they were much more full of disease than the native Americans. Another uneducated guess is that this is why your pet <insert species name here> doesn't often get sick - they have much less contact with other <insert species name here>s than you do with other humans, contributing to less and slower spread of disease. Please could a pathologist jump in and enlighten me?
- thrower123 7y ago> My uneducated guess is that the Europeans lived in much larger communities (in Europe), which is a much better breeding ground for disease Not a bad guess, but completely wrong. The cities of Mesoamerica or the Andes or the Mississippian culture of North America would have dwarfed most European cities, before they were ravaged by disease. The best explanation I have seen is that almost all domesticable animals in the New World were exterminated early, and so there wasn't anywhere near the cross-species disease potential in the Americas. Old Worlders had domesticated horses, goats, sheep, pigs, cows, a wide array of fowl, camels, dogs, cats, etc, etc. In the Americas, there were turkeys, ducks, llamas & alpacas, and guinea pigs - and not all of those in any one place.
- NLips 7y agoFascinating! Thanks
- CapitalistCartr 7y agoTwo reasons stand out: First, Europeans lived in appalling filth. The sanitary details are well documented elsewhere, the most telling point being that cities of Western Europe only gained population by migration, not internal growth, so bad were the epidemics. It was a millennium-long germ warfare lab. Second, Europeans and Asians lived alongside livestock such as pigs and fowl, and also rats, all notorious breeders of diseases that humans can catch. The interplay of illnesses between humans and animals fed the epidemics.
- astura 7y agoThe New World lacked domesticated animals. https://youtu.be/JEYh5WACqEk https://youtu.be/JEYh5WACqEk
- treis 7y agoThere was enough trade to exchange disease between Europe and Asia. The most well known example would be the plague that devestated Europe originated in East Asia. So the Indian population survived because they were exposed to the same diseases as Europeans and had developed some level of immunity.
- z3phyr 7y ago> There was enough trade to exchange disease between Europe and Asia If you look at the long term history, there was widespread and massive instances of migrations too.
- treis 7y agoGood point. Alexander the Great made it all the way to India before being defeated. Going the other way, Genghis Khan made it from Central Asia to Eastern Europe.
- z3phyr 7y agoThe population was too high and the institutions were robust. The institutions were also loosely identical to the other entities of the old world, and therefor designed to survive imperial institutions of similar kind. This is similar to the British occupying any other large population center / former power in the old world. They won't probably be able to wipe the whole culture out.
- fredley 7y agoFundamentally because they're on the same contiental plate, and had exposure to the same germs, having been infected by the same or similar animals. The decimation of the Americas was largely due to the fact that the ships that arrived brought with them germs to which the natives had no defences at all. This topic is covered extensively in Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel.
- duxup 7y agoI think it is a valid question to ask how newcomers survived as well.