How do you measure "innovation" though? Is it in terms of patents, in terms of the number of new companies, new companies that succeed (and according to which

How do you measure "innovation" though? Is it in terms of patents, in terms of the number of new companies, new companies that succeed (and according to which metrics?), new companies using/developing new technologies? Do you consider modern implementations of old concepts as innovation or not (i.e. transitioning some activities into the digital world, that kind of things)? Do you normalize that "innovation" quantity with how much money is injected into the "innovation industry"?