Just in case someone's confused by this, it becomes clear if you know how pipes work. `2>&1` means "redirect stderr to whatever stdout is currently pointed to"

Just in case someone's confused by this, it becomes clear if you know how pipes work. `2>&1` means "redirect stderr to whatever stdout is currently pointed to" (redirection by copy, not by reference). More recent version of bash manual[0] has a less confusing wording in the same paragraph IMO: Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls > dirlist 2>&1 directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error (file descriptor 2) to the file dirlist, while the command ls 2>&1 > dirlist directs only the standard output to file dirlist, because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was redirected to dirlist. [0]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Redirections.html https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Redirecti...