> Duplicated code causes many issues. You mentioned introducing bugs, but it also makes the code harder to read That is I believe contestable. Yes, it can end

> Duplicated code causes many issues. You mentioned introducing bugs, but it also makes the code harder to read That is I believe contestable. Yes, it can end up easier to read but there is a big tradeoff - when you remove code from its context it is much harder for a reader to reason about it. Once something is extracted into a function you can't see, you have to mentally ask the questions like "could this return null / None?", "how will it behave if the input is negative?", "does it throw exceptions", "is it thread safe?" etc etc. All this is directly observable in context when the code is inline, not so when it is removed to a central place.