In my experience, forbidding null refs usually only results in getting null objects instead, such as empty strings or empty collections. Thats not bad, but migh

In my experience, forbidding null refs usually only results in getting null objects instead, such as empty strings or empty collections. Thats not bad, but might not solve such a silent error message, you'll still end up with an empty message in the end. In order to solve it proper, I'm thinking you'd might want to go further and have more expressive type constraints, like Ada subranges.