Yeah (2) seems most likely to me. Semi-advanced civilization like ours is relatively common but almost always depletes it’s resources and collapses. Any civil

Yeah (2) seems most likely to me. Semi-advanced civilization like ours is relatively common but almost always depletes it’s resources and collapses. Any civilization needs a lot of energy to grow. Energy is generally dangerous. Climate change and ecological collapse seem to be hard to avoid for any civilization wired for growth and advancement.