4 ms·

I have subscribed to the theory that humans are first and foremost a host for bacteria, and that whether that relationship is symbiotic or dysbiotic is largely

I have subscribed to the theory that humans are first and foremost a host for bacteria, and that whether that relationship is symbiotic or dysbiotic is largely a factor of how happy your bacteria are. Happy microbiome, happy human. Unhappy microbiome, unhappy human. It seems like more research is published every day that links the microbiome to common disorders and diseases. Do you have any solid resources for someone without an academic background who has an interest in this area?

nextos 7y ago
I'm afraid we still know little about dysbiosis, but most decent findings are in the literature. I'd encourage you to take a look at good recent papers. Once you get used to the jargon, you will start learning a lot. Quick entry point, take a look at references in the introduction section of: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1.full https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1.... Some other entry points: * Commensals in hunter gatherers: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/3/e1500183.short https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/3/e1500183.short * Commensal extinction: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215006144 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098221... * Fiber, metabolites and the microbiome: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12726 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12726 * Leaky gut and immune responses: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/30/15140 https://www.pnas.org/content/116/30/15140 If you are not affiliated with an academic institution, use Sci-hub to get access to any paper behind a paywall.
- milofeynman 7y ago
  Do you have any references to crohn's? Thanks
  - nextos 7y ago
    This one discusses IBD and Crohn's: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol20174 https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol20174
gavinray 7y ago
Thanks!
cyberdruid 7y ago
Dear Gavinray What you said is very intuitive however not entirely true. Let me explain: Bacteria are happy no matter what as they (as community of different bacteria) can adjust to content of the human gut; i.e. when we feed simple sugars (in contrast to fibre that is a polymer made of many sugars) some microorganisms will be more than happy to go on simple sugar-diet that requires less energy to consume it. However it can disregulate metabolic network of microbiome that has been co evolving with fibre based diet rather than simple sugars. Early humans consumed much more plant based fibre and therefore we hardwired our human metabolism and twicked immune response to co exist with microbiome that consumes fibre. Let me give you an example: when microbiome gets fibre from our diet it returns us side products of fibre metabolism including short chain fatty acids (scfa). They(scfa) stimulate many receptors in our body and keep us healthy. So in summary: microbiome will adjust its metabolism to what is available and will be always happy given there is any food. Microbes can even consume our own mucosa when we starve or when we die. It is more about keeping the community of microbes at homeostasis (in contrast to dysbiosis). Keeping them on diet that we used to feed them for hundreds of thousands years of our co evolution even preceding primates appearance. Our bodies depend on side products of microbial metabolism of what we used to feed them and definitely not of what western like diet feeds them nowodays. We live in the world of disregulated microbial metabolism. It disregulates us, our own metabolism, our brains, our immune responses, almost all tissues. We cause dysbiosis of the global ecosystems on the planet. This is reflected in the dysbiosis of our own gut. We are degenerating our microbial shield and degenerate our and other species.
cyberdruid 7y ago
Furthermore, as presented below recent study has linked microbial metabolism of sugar, dysbiosis and antigen-specific immune responses to insulin. This is the first study that identifies precisely the cause of autoiimmunity in type 1 diabetes. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1

nextos 7y ago

I'm afraid we still know little about dysbiosis, but most decent findings are in the literature. I'd encourage you to take a look at good recent papers. Once you get used to the jargon, you will start learning a lot. Quick entry point, take a look at references in the introduction section of: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1.full https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1.... Some other entry points: * Commensals in hunter gatherers: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/3/e1500183.short https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/3/e1500183.short * Commensal extinction: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215006144 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098221... * Fiber, metabolites and the microbiome: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12726 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12726 * Leaky gut and immune responses: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/30/15140 https://www.pnas.org/content/116/30/15140 If you are not affiliated with an academic institution, use Sci-hub to get access to any paper behind a paywall.

milofeynman 7y ago
Do you have any references to crohn's? Thanks
- nextos 7y ago
  This one discusses IBD and Crohn's: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol20174 https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol20174

gavinray 7y ago

Thanks!

cyberdruid 7y ago

Dear Gavinray What you said is very intuitive however not entirely true. Let me explain: Bacteria are happy no matter what as they (as community of different bacteria) can adjust to content of the human gut; i.e. when we feed simple sugars (in contrast to fibre that is a polymer made of many sugars) some microorganisms will be more than happy to go on simple sugar-diet that requires less energy to consume it. However it can disregulate metabolic network of microbiome that has been co evolving with fibre based diet rather than simple sugars. Early humans consumed much more plant based fibre and therefore we hardwired our human metabolism and twicked immune response to co exist with microbiome that consumes fibre. Let me give you an example: when microbiome gets fibre from our diet it returns us side products of fibre metabolism including short chain fatty acids (scfa). They(scfa) stimulate many receptors in our body and keep us healthy. So in summary: microbiome will adjust its metabolism to what is available and will be always happy given there is any food. Microbes can even consume our own mucosa when we starve or when we die. It is more about keeping the community of microbes at homeostasis (in contrast to dysbiosis). Keeping them on diet that we used to feed them for hundreds of thousands years of our co evolution even preceding primates appearance. Our bodies depend on side products of microbial metabolism of what we used to feed them and definitely not of what western like diet feeds them nowodays. We live in the world of disregulated microbial metabolism. It disregulates us, our own metabolism, our brains, our immune responses, almost all tissues. We cause dysbiosis of the global ecosystems on the planet. This is reflected in the dysbiosis of our own gut. We are degenerating our microbial shield and degenerate our and other species.

cyberdruid 7y ago

Furthermore, as presented below recent study has linked microbial metabolism of sugar, dysbiosis and antigen-specific immune responses to insulin. This is the first study that identifies precisely the cause of autoiimmunity in type 1 diabetes. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.881433v1