Part of the problem is that for many procedures, there are subprocedures or emergency measures or just unexpected routes that doctors have to take in order to c

Part of the problem is that for many procedures, there are subprocedures or emergency measures or just unexpected routes that doctors have to take in order to complete the objective you did consent to which tack on charges. But TBH, I'm not convinced why they shouldn't just be forced to eat these costs as a matter of labor contingency like every other business, and raise the overall procedure cost to an amount that would cover the odds of this happening and tell us up front.