The problem is that training in programming is very expensive, to the extent that it's easy for just one junior or bootcamp grad to end up consuming all the tim

The problem is that training in programming is very expensive, to the extent that it's easy for just one junior or bootcamp grad to end up consuming all the time of a much more capable and expensive senior developer (e.g. because their code is of such low quality it has to be rewritten). The other issue is that teaching is a vocation. Many people don't want to teach. If they wanted to teach they'd have become a lecturer or some other more obvious career path where they can spend all day teaching programming. If you hire people who are too inexperienced you're basically forcing an unexpected career change on some random team member who won't like it. Programming is really hard. I think we tend to underestimate how hard it is. I've seen people who just came out of a CS programme who can't write basic programs in easy languages like Java, or explain what hexadecimal is. I've seen people who can code but just don't do it right, like an intern my company hired who wrote a Slack/GitHub bot in Java (neat) but the entire program consisted on untyped JsonObjects being passed around a handful of giant methods, all of which were static and many of which were duplicated. He knew the syntax of the language but the reasons why you might want type systems, classes or how to create abstractions were missing. Then he left (it was a short internship) and the tool he had created was abandoned because it wasn't that important to begin with. From a pure financial perspective he was a major net loss to the firm. I don't know what the solution to this is. Training is important, but there doesn't seem to be any way to make it financially sustainable. Ultimately, new developers need to finance more of their education themselves with longer programmes than bootcamps offer, and better bang-for-buck than universities offer.