These 'more encompassing identities' have limited applicability. For example, Polish-, English-, and German-Americans no longer view themselves as separate from

These 'more encompassing identities' have limited applicability. For example, Polish-, English-, and German-Americans no longer view themselves as separate from each-other, but they still see themselves as separate from African- and Asian-Americans. They've all been in the US for a few centuries now, so it's not limited to a short-term effect. If you look at other parts of the world, the development of more encompassing identities is anything but guaranteed. From the Bosniaks, Uyghurs, or Roma, groups can live side by side for centuries, without developing joint identities, or developing very fragile ones.