> I'm not sure what you mean, you seem to conflate pronunciation and accent. The concepts are interrelated. If, for example, a given language uses a single rep

> I'm not sure what you mean, you seem to conflate pronunciation and accent. The concepts are interrelated. If, for example, a given language uses a single representation for two sounds, it is perceived only as accent. The difference between sh and zh in South American pronunciation of 'yo' (Argentina and Uruguay) is perceived as accent for a Spanish speaker. But they are entirely different consonants for a Polish or Russian speaker. L and R are just accents of the same letter in Japan, and different consonants in English. And some people (like some French) have an accent because there are sounds they can not produce.