Kotlin is less orthogonal than Scala. For example nullability in Kotlin is a special language feature that can't be abstracted nicely, when in Scala it works ju

Kotlin is less orthogonal than Scala. For example nullability in Kotlin is a special language feature that can't be abstracted nicely, when in Scala it works just as any other monad. Also I don't agree it is like Rust or Closure. Kotlin got majority of features from Scala, and contrary to Rust or Scala it does not offer anything innovative. Kotlin is just Java with nicer syntax. Scala and Rust are more complex, but these are the few that move the needle.