Around 1999, HP had a project called Dynamo where they implemented a JIT PA-RISC virtual machine on actual PA-RISC hardware. In some cases, they got better per

Around 1999, HP had a project called Dynamo where they implemented a JIT PA-RISC virtual machine on actual PA-RISC hardware. In some cases, they got better performance than native because the JIT would recognize hot paths at run time. I only bring it up to show that it's not 100% certain VMs can't win over conventional native. When I compile with GCC or CLang, I don't think my executable is tracing the hot paths and rewriting itself as it runs. https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-78.html https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-78.html