healthcare is a bad fit for the concept of insurance. an obvious example is that people use their "insurance" to pay for routine doctors appointments which have

healthcare is a bad fit for the concept of insurance. an obvious example is that people use their "insurance" to pay for routine doctors appointments which have highly predictable costs and are scheduled in advance. the chronically ill person in your example enrolls in insurance knowing upfront they will never pay enough in premiums to cover their claims. what we call "health insurance" is really just a payment planning and collective bargaining service rolled into one. it doesn't really work like most other kinds of insurance.