> As soon as you get the hardware to handle TCP reassembly and just wake the kernel up once per few megabytes of data sent/received, things scale well again. N

> As soon as you get the hardware to handle TCP reassembly and just wake the kernel up once per few megabytes of data sent/received, things scale well again. Not everything in this world is TCP. TFA mentions DNS, for instance (which as of this time is still mostly UDP based). > There's work to do though - there are no systems around today that I'm aware of which can send data from SSD to a TCP socket (common use case for cache server) without the data itself going through the CPU (despite most chipsets allowing the network card to be sent data directly from a PCIE-connected SSD). They certainly exist, they are just not available or known to the general public (hint: look for hyperscalers that manufacture custom network cards).