The main reason handwritten SQL is error-prone is because there's a tendency to have security vulnerabilities, which ORMs automatically protect against. ORMs te

The main reason handwritten SQL is error-prone is because there's a tendency to have security vulnerabilities, which ORMs automatically protect against. ORMs tend to have better IDE integration so its easier to refactor or errors may be flagged by the IDE. That said, there's no real difference in logical error rates between hand-written sql and an orm except that any developer may be more familiar with the syntax of one versus another.