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I downvoted because it’s not correct to suggest that OPV is being used because it is a “low budget version”. In fact, both types of vaccines are being given to

I downvoted because it’s not correct to suggest that OPV is being used because it is a “low budget version”. In fact, both types of vaccines are being given to children in high-risk countries, as part of the transition away from the live vaccine. In countries with endemic polio or where there is a high risk of imported cases, the WHO recommends OPV vaccine at birth followed by a primary series of 3 OPV and at least one IPV doses starting at 6 weeks of age. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine

tyingq 7y ago
"The IPV that has been used in the United States since 1987 is as effective as OPV for preventing polio" https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html "Unfortunately, IPV costs considerably more than OPV per dose ($3-5 vs $0.12 on the subsidized world market). Because the WHO and most countries have plans to continue vaccination for at least 10 years after eradication, there will continue to be a market for the vaccine. Because of the high cost of the IPV, efforts are underway to derive improved and less expensive IPV vaccines." http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R44-AI120260-02 http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R44-AI120260-02 "One hundred twenty-six low- and middle Income countries will start to use IPV, which is injected, in a single dose, in addition to the oral polio vaccine (OPV). OPV will gradually be phased out, based on certain epidemiologic triggers. The previous price was a major barrier to making this shift. The shift is needed because, for eradication to occur, the polio virus needs to be gone from people, labs, sewage, etc. – i.e. the places in which vaccine-derived polio virus can survive, mutate and cause disease. IPV is ‘inactivated’, and does not carry risk of polio infection to people who are not vaccinated." https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/lowest-ever-prices-for-polio-vaccines/ https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/lowest-ever-prices-for-polio-v... The WHO only recommends OPV because of the low cost.
- akamaka 7y ago
  IPV induces very low levels of immunity in the intestine. As a result, when a person immunized with IPV is infected with wild poliovirus, the virus can still multiply inside the intestines and be shed in the faeces, risking continued circulation. “...as IPV does not stop transmission of the virus, OPV is used wherever a polio outbreak needs to be contained, even in countries which rely exclusively on IPV for their routine immunization programme. Once polio has been eradicated, use of all OPV will need to be stopped to prevent re-establishment of transmission due to VDPVs.” http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-vaccines/ipv/ http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the...
onetimemanytime 7y ago
well it is correct: "But the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) is a better way to inoculate children against the disease: it is safer because it does not carry the live virus. Unhappily, it is also more expensive." https://www.economist.com/feast-and-famine/2013/07/19/injecting-competition https://www.economist.com/feast-and-famine/2013/07/19/inject... Still, now that price has dropped to less than $1 per dose, I am sure rich governments or simple rich people can foot the bill.
- akamaka 7y ago
  Yes, it’s true that OPV is cheaper, but it will continue to be used because it is more effective at preventing the transmission of wild polio virus. http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-vaccines/ipv/ http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the...
  - tyingq 7y ago
    There were more cases of OPV caused polio than wild polio in 2019. Maybe it's useful still in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Everywhere else should switch if it's viable economically to so so.
    - akamaka 7y ago
      Good news: https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/inactivated-polio-vaccine-now-introduced-worldwide https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/inactivated-polio-vacci...

tyingq 7y ago

"The IPV that has been used in the United States since 1987 is as effective as OPV for preventing polio" https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html "Unfortunately, IPV costs considerably more than OPV per dose ($3-5 vs $0.12 on the subsidized world market). Because the WHO and most countries have plans to continue vaccination for at least 10 years after eradication, there will continue to be a market for the vaccine. Because of the high cost of the IPV, efforts are underway to derive improved and less expensive IPV vaccines." http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R44-AI120260-02 http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R44-AI120260-02 "One hundred twenty-six low- and middle Income countries will start to use IPV, which is injected, in a single dose, in addition to the oral polio vaccine (OPV). OPV will gradually be phased out, based on certain epidemiologic triggers. The previous price was a major barrier to making this shift. The shift is needed because, for eradication to occur, the polio virus needs to be gone from people, labs, sewage, etc. – i.e. the places in which vaccine-derived polio virus can survive, mutate and cause disease. IPV is ‘inactivated’, and does not carry risk of polio infection to people who are not vaccinated." https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/lowest-ever-prices-for-polio-vaccines/ https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/lowest-ever-prices-for-polio-v... The WHO only recommends OPV because of the low cost.

akamaka 7y ago
IPV induces very low levels of immunity in the intestine. As a result, when a person immunized with IPV is infected with wild poliovirus, the virus can still multiply inside the intestines and be shed in the faeces, risking continued circulation. “...as IPV does not stop transmission of the virus, OPV is used wherever a polio outbreak needs to be contained, even in countries which rely exclusively on IPV for their routine immunization programme. Once polio has been eradicated, use of all OPV will need to be stopped to prevent re-establishment of transmission due to VDPVs.” http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-vaccines/ipv/ http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the...

onetimemanytime 7y ago

well it is correct: "But the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) is a better way to inoculate children against the disease: it is safer because it does not carry the live virus. Unhappily, it is also more expensive." https://www.economist.com/feast-and-famine/2013/07/19/injecting-competition https://www.economist.com/feast-and-famine/2013/07/19/inject... Still, now that price has dropped to less than $1 per dose, I am sure rich governments or simple rich people can foot the bill.

akamaka 7y ago
Yes, it’s true that OPV is cheaper, but it will continue to be used because it is more effective at preventing the transmission of wild polio virus. http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-vaccines/ipv/ http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the...
- tyingq 7y ago
  There were more cases of OPV caused polio than wild polio in 2019. Maybe it's useful still in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Everywhere else should switch if it's viable economically to so so.
  - akamaka 7y ago
    Good news: https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/inactivated-polio-vaccine-now-introduced-worldwide https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/inactivated-polio-vacci...