This brings up Ned Block's paper on the Harder Problem of Consciousness in which he uses the example of Data from Star Trek to demonstrate the epistemic bind we

This brings up Ned Block's paper on the Harder Problem of Consciousness in which he uses the example of Data from Star Trek to demonstrate the epistemic bind we are in when trying to decide whether anything non-human is conscious. Another example would be a society of people (China for example). Do all their interactions result in consciousness? How would we every determine this?