A monad is for composing computations with effects: let's say you have some function f:: a -> b returning some b, but now you need the computation to happen wit

A monad is for composing computations with effects: let's say you have some function f:: a -> b returning some b, but now you need the computation to happen with some extra effect (throwing exception, changing state, futures, etc). A way to model effects is to have f :: a -> Tb, where T is a type constructor encapsulating a value of type b produced with some effect. Let's call this new f a T-program, then a monad is exactly what you need to compose T-programs nicely. The monad "return" is the simplest T-program, and the monad "bind" helps you compose T-programs: given another T-program g :: b -> Tc, you cannot simply compose g with f since the types don't match. However, the bind operator >>= :: (b -> Tc) -> Tb -> Tc gives you a function (>>= g) :: Tb -> Tc which does compose with f, producing a new T-program: a -> Tc. So now you can compose T-programs, yay! The monad laws ensure that T-programs form a category, which is to say that composition works the right way. So a monad is just the plumbing you need to compose computations with effects in a nice way.