It might be interesting to list some contraindications as well. What aspects of group dynamics work against groupthink, or are signs of its absence? I suspect

It might be interesting to list some contraindications as well. What aspects of group dynamics work against groupthink, or are signs of its absence? I suspect all of them could be view as anti-patterns. For example: - frequent dissent - group frequently breaks ranks when new facts emerge - lack of confidence - lack of a clearly-defined enemy - lack of consistent message/frequent flip-flopping It seems likely that some aspects of groupthink are essential for any collective action. Without it, people can't or won't work together. With too much, the group makes mistakes no individual would have made.