Both are well established and used in full or part by various retailers. A) Cigarettes. Always behind a counter for age checks, but mostly because of loss prev

Both are well established and used in full or part by various retailers. A) Cigarettes. Always behind a counter for age checks, but mostly because of loss prevention. Top shelf liquor, electronics, razors, and batteries often have similar constraints because they are compact and resalable. What is the loss of sales compared to theft loss and clerk staffing requirements (or implementation of the technology). B) Club model suffers losses just the same. You can counterfeit a membership, and you might have issues validating on entry otherwise. Faster validation on entry might result in capex, and again you have a loss prevention/loss cost benefit decision to make. Nobody is throwing money and low margin grocery chains. So cash flow positive operations are a big concern.