For surveillance in the open very probably, e.g. the UK bought Huawei equipment for that purpose https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdo

For surveillance in the open very probably, e.g. the UK bought Huawei equipment for that purpose https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kin... Backdoors in the phones seems highly unlikely. Considering that the government can simply listen in at the cell towers and data centers there is no reason to risk the reputation and thus influence and reach of a Chinese company like that.