Its pretty much what it sounds like, when there are particle collisions or decays, the particles come off at certain characteristic angles relative to the beam

Its pretty much what it sounds like, when there are particle collisions or decays, the particles come off at certain characteristic angles relative to the beam that are signatures of certain types decay and energies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering In this video, look for the forks that happen in the vapor trails being generated, that is a particle collision, and the corresponding sort of angle being talked about here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B2cvZgLToY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B2cvZgLToY This technique works because the air is essentially super saturated with moisture, so even very slight atomic level disturbances will cause the water to condense to form mini "clouds" (hence the term cloud chamber). Its difficult to find videos about, but antimatter pair production will cause patterns that look like this for instance https://i.stack.imgur.com/9CKRA.jpg https://i.stack.imgur.com/9CKRA.jpg muons, electrons, and alpha particles of different energies will will cause patterns that look like this https://i.stack.imgur.com/NwNcS.jpg https://i.stack.imgur.com/NwNcS.jpg and so on. Check out http://avtanski.net/projects/cc/virtual_cloud_chamber.html http://avtanski.net/projects/cc/virtual_cloud_chamber.html and https://www.nucleonica.com/wiki/index.php?title=Help%3AVirtual_Cloud_Chamber https://www.nucleonica.com/wiki/index.php?title=Help%3AVirtu... and see if you can identify some of the particles :)