If our spending includes researching sand scaling low-emission technology, that will affect India's and China's emissions. When electric cars are competitive,

If our spending includes researching sand scaling low-emission technology, that will affect India's and China's emissions. When electric cars are competitive, and solar and storage cheaper than coal, no one's going to keep throwing away money on the dirtier alternatives.. China isn't building coal because it's hip. They do it because it's cheap, so long as you don't account for its externalities. If solar + storage were significantly cheaper and met demand just as well, why would they keep throwing away money on coal?