I'm a software engineer in a research environment. GP sticks out to me because it's nearly the opposite of how it works for me. I as the architect/lead software

I'm a software engineer in a research environment. GP sticks out to me because it's nearly the opposite of how it works for me. I as the architect/lead software engineer make basically all of the important decisions about the software. I have a project manager and about 6 researchers who are, theoretically, my customers, but they all know that they're not software engineers so they tell me what they need and defer all intermediate decisions to me. Combining my experience with GP, the glib, almost tautological, answer is that you fix the problem by not letting "non-technical middle managers" make technical decisions. Actually implementing this in an organization that already suffers from it is a political problem which I don't have any advice on. For orgs where this isn't a problem yet, the answer is simple. If you're a technical organization, don't hire non-technical managers. Every single person in my management structure started out as an engineer or researcher and it works remarkably well.