There are lots of thorny First Amendment issues in the U.S. around hate speech anyway. It's unlikely that hate speech itself can be proscribed except where the

There are lots of thorny First Amendment issues in the U.S. around hate speech anyway. It's unlikely that hate speech itself can be proscribed except where there's a call for imminent lawless action (e.g. rioting, see Brandenburg v. Ohio). Usually where we see it come up is as evidence of a particular malicious intent or hate-based motivation for a violent crime like assault, mayhem, or murder, that increases the sentence applied as a result of a conviction.