Becoming hyper specialized appears to eventually create productivity issues. Scientists have sometimes made progress just by applying ideas from one specialized

Becoming hyper specialized appears to eventually create productivity issues. Scientists have sometimes made progress just by applying ideas from one specialized part of physics to another, where they were unaware of the progress in related ideas. And there are more mundane costs. The more specialized you are, the higher the odds your tiny niche will go away due to market or technological changes. That means losing income retraining and finding new work.