This paper [1] estimated a mildly useful launcher could be delivered to the moon with no in-situ production for 9 falcon heavy launches, or half of a nominal st

This paper [1] estimated a mildly useful launcher could be delivered to the moon with no in-situ production for 9 falcon heavy launches, or half of a nominal starship payload. [1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276039810_Mass_Estimate_for_a_Lunar_Resource_Launcher_Based_on_Existing_Terrestrial_Electromagnetic_Launchers https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276039810_Mass_Esti...