Regarding your first point, the West may not be as bad a China, but there are some notably bad actors. Schon [1] fabricated results very impressive results at B

Regarding your first point, the West may not be as bad a China, but there are some notably bad actors. Schon [1] fabricated results very impressive results at Bell Labs for years before getting caught. In fact, these results were so impressive that it shifted the focus of research groups in his field for years to try and get his methods to work. It was such a big scandal that my (and I assume other) universities added a research ethics requirement to their engineering PhD programs as reactionary measure. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schön_scandal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schön_scandal