Rust is also C, if the fact that you can't encode all possible invariants into the type system makes a language C. But this is a spectrum, not a dichotomy, and

Rust is also C, if the fact that you can't encode all possible invariants into the type system makes a language C. But this is a spectrum, not a dichotomy, and TypeScript falls somewhere way beyond C, but below Rust, in what you can statically encode. And Idris lies beyond Rust.