In particular, the courts usually can't make victims whole in criminal cases. E.g. an eye for an eye doubles the number of eye-less people but cures nobody. You

In particular, the courts usually can't make victims whole in criminal cases. E.g. an eye for an eye doubles the number of eye-less people but cures nobody. You would need to quantify crimes that don't occur because potential criminals are deterred, currently incarcerated, or have been rehabilitated. We can't really measure this without making the law, observing changes in victim rates, and assuming causation.