Not sure how you mean "held accountable" when talking about rights? Nations do have the right to vote, just look at the UN General Assembly (well, not counting

Not sure how you mean "held accountable" when talking about rights? Nations do have the right to vote, just look at the UN General Assembly (well, not counting Taiwan or the Sahrawis). Regarding rights of individuals: If country A commits a violation of international law, and an individual B who is national of country C is affected by that, then B cannot sue A directly. Instead, C must bring the case against A before an appropriate court like the ICJ. This happened e.g. in the LaGrand case[1] between Germany and the US. On the other hand, if A finds that C owes it money, and C doesn't pay, then any assets of B that happen to be under the jurisdiction of A can be confiscated to pay for the debt. This happened e.g. in the Icesave dispute[2] between Iceland and the UK. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaGrand_case https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaGrand_case [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icesave_dispute https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icesave_dispute