Given time, the second option will always become the third. Bowing to state actors is a decision individuals make. If the platform gives specific people the a

Given time, the second option will always become the third. Bowing to state actors is a decision individuals make. If the platform gives specific people the ability to bow on behalf of everyone (as iOS does - reviewers have that power), eventually some of those people will do so. A centralized app store must at least bow to the state actors where its business operations and servers live. Otherwise the state actors will take their hardware and remove the business from existence. If the OS supports direct installation, then you avoid the inherent risks of centralized software. Granted, you gain the risks of decentralized software. Magic bullets are few and far between.