It's possible with an enterprise distribution certificate. There are "fake" app stores that distribute pirated apps, they are particularly common in Asia, and I

It's possible with an enterprise distribution certificate. There are "fake" app stores that distribute pirated apps, they are particularly common in Asia, and I believe many "average" users use them. Apple can shuts them down by revoking the certificates, but it seems to reduce the visibility, and therefore extend the time that they can work for.