3 ms·

Closed game is 1. d4 d5. There are quite a few opening lines that start with 1. d4, but do not continue into the closed game.

• CrazyStat 7y ago
  Which does not change the fact that 1. d4 is the beginning of the closed game.
  • MadWombat 7y ago
    Yes, and the history of American football starts at Big Bang :)