I have taken a course based on this book (before it was retitled "foundations of data science"). It was more or less a math class where all homeworks are about

I have taken a course based on this book (before it was retitled "foundations of data science"). It was more or less a math class where all homeworks are about proving stuff. You won't write a single line of code and usually don't even talk too deeply about the applications. So no, you'd would be completely unqualified. You would however gain a deep understanding that might help you come up with novel new techniques for solving large scale problems.